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We have already touched on different outcomes for “dual” and “school-based” VET. In this post we’ll get more into the difference between the two types. Briefly, dual VET or apprenticeship is when participants split their time between work and school, with at least 25% of their time spent in the workplace. In contrast, school-based VET is almost entirely at school, or with less than 25% of time spent in the workplace.

National Qualifications Frameworks (NQFs) are a very common type of VET reform. This post very briefly discusses some of the evidence—or lack thereof—for their hoped-for benefits and a few reasons they might help, or fail to do so.